Feasibility Analysis of the Algorithms: Secured and Efficient Routing Path Update in Software Defined Networking (SDN)

Software-defined networking is the talk of the town in today’s networking industry. Because of the limitations of traditional networking, SDN is getting more popular every year. Lots of researches are taking place to improve the efficiency and overcome the challenges of SDN though it has many advantages. Hence one key problem of SDN is the network update. If the route update does not perform well, it causes congestion and inconsistencies in the network system whereas bandwidth utilization and security is our main concern. We have compared two pre-built algorithms especially for routing path update and proposed a new algorithm with maximum security and loop-free network

Local Level Collaborative Governance for Pandemic Responses: Unpacking A Case in Bangladesh

Responsive governance during the COVID-19 pandemic became a severe challenge for countries worldwide. With a relatively poor healthcare structure, Bangladesh performed moderately well in managing the first wave of the pandemic (March-December 2020). With substantive policy and decision-making support from the Centre, local governments collaborated with various relevant actors to enhance their pandemic-related services. In this background, this research used an integrative framework to study a case of local-level collaborative governance-the Saturia Model. Based on the authors' experience, reflections and review, this analysis explores various socioeconomic and environmental factors behind the effectiveness of this collaboration in containment policies and providing support services to vulnerable groups. Findings indicate that coordination between state and non-state actors, resource mobilization, access and communication, community engagement and the adaptative capacity of the government are vital for making such collaborations work in a crisis. The lessons are valuable for prospective understanding and policy interventions

The Impact of Cluster Farming Approach in Simplification of Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Marketing Channel of Paikgachha Upazila

A research study has been undertaken on shrimp marketing channel of Paikgachha upazila and its simplification process by cluster farming approach of WorldFish Center. The objectives of the study were to investigate the stakeholders involved in both existing shrimp marketing and simplified marketing channel and also determine the efficacy of cluster farming on good price and better raw materials quality. Study area possessed a complex marketing channel having at least eight stakeholders from production to processor namely, shrimp farmer; foria; local depots; large depots; aratdar, paikar; sub-agent; commission agents and exporter/processor thus flow of shrimps from gher to processors take about 20-30 hours that ultimately deteriorates the shrimp quality. This beset has been solved rather simplified through managing local depot works as partner NGO (PNGO) of WorldFish Center. The findings of the study revealed that the cluster farming approach simplified the marketing channel considerably than before. The farmers in the clusters received better price from their harvested shrimp without involvement of middlemen which resulted high quality of raw-materials with better price. Keywords: WorldFish Center, PNGO, cluster farming, foria, aratdar, paika

Production of Bioethanol from Tropical Woody Biomass

In this study, we used the hydrolysis fermentation method to convert woody biomass, corn stove, sawdust and oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) to bioethanol. The samples were first pretreated and hydrolyzed to obtain sugar. The sugar content were measured and recorded. Upon the addition of the yeast peptone dextrose (YPD) medium, the biomass solutions were fermented using conventional yeast and the ethanol obtained were measured and analyzed. The result shows that the OPEFB has the highest sugar content followed by the corn stove waste and finally the sawdust waste. The amount of ethanol obtained in the fermentation process was in line with the amount of mixed sugar content in the hydrolyzed solutions. The OPEFB exhibits the highest ethanol yield, followed by the corn stove waste, and finally the sawdust waste

Mud crab fishery in climate vulnerable coastal Bangladesh: an analysis towards sustainable development

Developing countries are far more vulnerable to climate change impacts than industrialised countries. Most of the world’s poor live in South Asia where they have limited livelihood options that have become even narrower in recent years, indicating a need for alternative income-generating options. Mud crabs (Scylla spp.) are considered to have promising prospects in different parts of the world including Bangladesh, a well-known region for its vulnerability to climate change. At present, this fishery has become a growing venture in coastal Bangladesh, primarily due to the potential of the export market and availability of seed locally. This study included a calculation of the Human Development Index linked to mud crab fishery (HDIMCF) and a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis to clarify the present status of and strategic directions for the mud crab fishery, for the first time. Results revealed an intermediate level of development of mud crab aquaculture, indicating potential alternative livelihood opportunities for vulnerable coastal communities. The SWOT analysis revealed that positive factors, both internal (strengths) and external (opportunities), predominate over negative factors (weaknesses and threats) and that the fishery can be an alternative livelihood option for vulnerable coastal communities. Despite noticeable diversification of the mud crab fishery, dependence on wild seedstock and possible over-exploitation in the wild appear to constrain sustainable development of the fishery. This study’s findings suggest undertaking immediate wild crab stock assessment for determining current status of wild populations. Moreover, modification of the Government of Bangladesh’s existing mud crab policy is needed to better meet growing demand and sustainability of the fishery. Recommendations of this study may be of help in guiding responsible integrated coastal fisheries management and policy

Association between convalescent plasma treatment and mortality in COVID-19: a collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Funder: laura and john arnold foundationBACKGROUND: Convalescent plasma has been widely used to treat COVID-19 and is under investigation in numerous randomized clinical trials, but results are publicly available only for a small number of trials. The objective of this study was to assess the benefits of convalescent plasma treatment compared to placebo or no treatment and all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19, using data from all available randomized clinical trials, including unpublished and ongoing trials (Open Science Framework, https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/GEHFX ). METHODS: In this collaborative systematic review and meta-analysis, clinical trial registries (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform), the Cochrane COVID-19 register, the LOVE database, and PubMed were searched until April 8, 2021. Investigators of trials registered by March 1, 2021, without published results were contacted via email. Eligible were ongoing, discontinued and completed randomized clinical trials that compared convalescent plasma with placebo or no treatment in COVID-19 patients, regardless of setting or treatment schedule. Aggregated mortality data were extracted from publications or provided by investigators of unpublished trials and combined using the Hartung-Knapp-Sidik-Jonkman random effects model. We investigated the contribution of unpublished trials to the overall evidence. RESULTS: A total of 16,477 patients were included in 33 trials (20 unpublished with 3190 patients, 13 published with 13,287 patients). 32 trials enrolled only hospitalized patients (including 3 with only intensive care unit patients). Risk of bias was low for 29/33 trials. Of 8495 patients who received convalescent plasma, 1997 died (23%), and of 7982 control patients, 1952 died (24%). The combined risk ratio for all-cause mortality was 0.97 (95% confidence interval: 0.92; 1.02) with between-study heterogeneity not beyond chance (I2 = 0%). The RECOVERY trial had 69.8% and the unpublished evidence 25.3% of the weight in the meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Convalescent plasma treatment of patients with COVID-19 did not reduce all-cause mortality. These results provide strong evidence that convalescent plasma treatment for patients with COVID-19 should not be used outside of randomized trials. Evidence synthesis from collaborations among trial investigators can inform both evidence generation and evidence application in patient care

二重環状構造を有するヒストン脱アセチル化酵素阻害剤の設計合成

九州工業大学博士学位論文（要旨） 学位記番号:生工博甲第175号 学位授与年月日:平成24年3月23

Optical Sideband Injection Locking Using Waveguide Based External Cavity Semiconductor Lasers for Narrow-Line, Tunable Microwave Generation

The generation by optical injection locking of spectrally unadulterated microwave signals using waveguide based external cavity semiconductor lasers (WECSL) is demonstrated. A tunable frequency of 2–11 GHz, limited by the modulator’s bandwidth and the photodetector (PD), was created as proof-of-experiment by the injection locking of the two WESCLs. A single sideband (SSB) phase noise of −75 dBc/Hz from the generated carrier at 10 kHz offset and a phase noise variance at an optimum injection ratio region was 0.03 rad2, corresponding to 1.7°, were observed. The main feature of this approach is the consolidation of the upsides of microwave generation at low phase noise with a broad tuning range and the capacity of hybrid photonic integration. In addition, the injection locking characteristics were used to determine the Q factor of the complicated optical cavities with unknown inner losses